Notes: 9(S)-HODE is a metabolite of the ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid (Item Nos. 90150 / 90150.1 / 21909).{123,2262} It is formed from linoleic acid by lipoxygenases. 9(S)-HODE (68 µM) increases transactivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ in reporter assays using mouse aortic endothelial cells.{8919} It induces chemotaxis of primary human monocytes when used at a concentration of 10 µM.{65469} 9(S)-HODE has been found in oxidized LDL (oxLDL).{2636}