Notes: rac-Benpyrine is an inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction between TNF-α and TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1; IC50 = 0.109 µM).{65245} It reduces TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity in L-929 fibroblasts when used at a concentration of 10 µM, as well as prevents nuclear translocation of NF-κB in RAW 264.7 macrophages. rac-Benpyrine (25 mg/kg) improves survival in a mouse model of LPS-induced endotoxemia and decreases disease severity in mouse models of collagen-induced arthritis and imiquimod-induced psoriasis.