Notes: N4-Acetylcytidine is a catabolite of cytidine.{65290} It activates BV-2 microglia when used at a concentration of 0.3 mM, an effect that can be blocked by the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist SCH 58261 (Item No. 19676).{65291} It also increases protein levels of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, an effect that can be blocked by high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) siRNA in BV-2 microglia. Urine levels of N4-acetylcytidine are increased in mice with tumors induced by 3-methylcholanthrene.{65290} N4-Acetylcytidine is also found as a post-transcriptional modification in RNA.{65292}