Application Note: Anti-Rab4 Antibody is tested by WB, IHC, and IF microscopy. Expect a band approximately ~26kDa on specific lysates. Specific conditions for reactivity should be optimized by the end user.
Concentration Value: 85 mg/mL
Immunohistochemistry Dilution: 1:100
Western Blot Dilution: 1:1000-2000
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Immunogen: Rab4 Antibody was produced from whole rabbit serum prepared by repeated immunizations raised against a C-terminal region synthetic peptide from human Rab4.
Physical State: Liquid (sterile filtered)
Purity and Specificity: Anti-Rab4 Antibody was prepared from monospecific antiserum by delipidation and defibrination. A BLAST analysis was used to suggest cross-reactivity with Rab4 from Human, Mouse, and Rat based on 100% homology with the immunizing sequence. Cross-reactivity with Rab4 from other sources has not been determined. Cell Signaling, Neurobiology, Organelle Marker research.
Background: Rab4 is a 25kDa member of the Rab family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), Ras superfamily. Rab GTPases are central regulators of membrane trafficking in the eukaryotic cell. Their regulatory capacity depends on their ability to cycle between the GDP -bound inactive and GTP-bound active states. This conversion is regulated by GDP/GTP exchange factors (GEPs), GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Activation of a Rab protein is coupled to its association with intracellular membranes, allowing it to recruit downstream effector proteins to the cytoplasmic surface of a sub-cellular compartment. Through these proteins, Rab GTPases regulate vesicle formation, actin- and tubulin-dependent vesicle movement, and membrane fusion. Rab proteins contain conserved regions involved in guanine-nucleotide binding, and hyper-variable COOH-terminal domains with a cysteine motif implicated in sub-cellular targeting. Post-translational modification of the cysteine motif with one or two geranylgeranyl groups is essential for the membrane association and correct intracellular localization of Rab proteins. Each Rab shows a characteristic sub-cellular distribution. In particular, over-expression of Rab4 causes a redistribution of receptors on plasma membrane versus endocytic compartments. The presence of excessive Rab4 leads to the accumulation of transferrin receptors in non-acidic, post-endosomal recycling vesicles considered an intermediate compartment between endosomes and plasma membranes. Rab4 also plays a role in the translocation of glucose transporter (Glu4) in adipocytes in response to insulin. Mediating the association of Rab4 with transferring receptor-containing early endosomes takes place through the geranylgeranyl groups at its carboxyl-terminus. Membrane association is also cell cycle dependent, as phosphorylation at its c-terminal cdc2 kinase consensus sequence in mitotic cells leads to dissociation of Rab4 into the cytosol.
Low Endotoxin: No