Background: Chx10 is a 46kDa homeodomain protein of the paired-like class that is essential for development of the mammalian eye. Mutations in Chx10 cause microphthalmia, a cause of congenital blindness in humans, and the ocular retardation (or) phenotype in mice. In the developing mouse retina Chx10 is expressed in retinal progenitors, while in the mature retina, Chx10 expression becomes restricted to bipolar neurons. Concurrent with these expression patterns, the Chx10-/- (or) retina is thin due to a defect in proliferation of retinal progenitors, and lacks bipolar neurons. Chx10 is also expressed in the developing brainstem, thalamus, and spinal cord.
Positive Control: Rat or mouse retinal tissue lysate.
Purification Method: Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation
Concentration: See vial for concentration
Formulation: Provided as solution in phosphate buffered saline with 0.08% sodium azide
References: 1. Liu, I.S., et al. Developmental expression of a novel murine homeobox gene (Chx10): evidence for roles in determination of the neuroretina and inner nuclear layer. Neuron 1994, 13, 377-3932. Chen, C.M. & Cepko, C.L. Expression of Chx10 and Chx10-1 in the developing chicken retina. Mech. Dev. 2000, 90, 293-2973. Ferda Percin, E., et al. Human microphthalmia associated with mutations in the retinal homeobox gene CHX10. Nat. Genet. 2000, 25, 397-4014. Nittner, D., et al. Synthetic lethality between Rb, p53 and Dicer or miR-17–92 in retinal progenitors suppresses retinoblastoma formation. Nature Cell Biology (2012), 14, 958-9655. Kay, J.N., et al. Neurod6 expression defines new retinal amacrine cell subtypes and regulates their fate. Nature Neuroscience (2011), 14, 965-9726. Eiraku, M., et al. Self-organizing optic-cup morphogenesis in three-dimensional culture. Nature (2011), 472, 51-567. Pierfelice, T.J., et al. Notch3 Activation Promotes Invasive Glioma Formation in a Tissue Site-Specific Manner. Cancer Res., 71, 1115-1125 (2011).PRODUCT SPECIFIC REFERENCES1. Qiu, F., et al, 'A Comprehensive Negative Regulatory Program Controlled by Brn3b to Ensure Ganglion CellSpecification from Multipotential Retinal Precursors' Journal of Neuroscience (2008), 28, , 3392-34032. Elshatory, Y., et a, 'Islet-1 Controls the Differentiation of Retinal Bipolar and Cholinergic Amacrine Cells' Journal ofNeuroscience (2007), 27, , 12707-127203. Osakada, F., et al, 'Wnt Signaling Promotes Regeneration in the Retina of Adult Mammals' Journal of Neuroscience(2007), 27, , 4210-42194. Nittner, D., et al. 'Synthetic lethality between Rb, p53 and Dicer or miR-17–92 in retinal progenitors suppressesretinoblastoma formation.' Nature Cell Biology (2012), 14, 958–9655. Tiwari, S., et al. ‘Meckelin 3 Is Necessary for Photoreceptor Outer Segment Development in Rat Meckel Syndrome.’PLoS One, 8, e59306 (2013)6. Sherry, D.M., et al. ‘Differential Developmental Deficits in Retinal Function in the Absence of either Protein TyrosineSulfotransferase-1 or -2.’ PLoS One, 7, e39702 (2012)7. Luo, H., et al. ‘Forkhead box N4 (Foxn4) activates Dll4-Notch signaling to suppress photoreceptor cell fates of earlyretinal progenitors.’ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, E553-E562 (2012)8. Haynes, T., et al. ‘Complement anaphylatoxin C3a is a potent inducer of embryonic chick retina regeneration.’ Nat.Commun. 4, 2312 (2013)9. Wakabayashi, T., et al. ‘Prolonged Expression of Puma in Cholinergic Amacrine Cells During the Development of RatRetina.’ J. Histochem. Cytochem., 60, 777-788 (2012)10. Bai, L., et al. ‘Birth of Cone Bipolar Cells, but Not Rod Bipolar Cells, Is Associated with Existing RGCs.’ PLoS One, 9,e83686 (2014)11. Nakano, T., et al. ‘Self-formation of optic cups and storable stratified neural retina from human ESCs.’ Cell Stem Cell(2012) 10, 771-78512. Huang, L., et al. ‘Bhlhb5 is Required for the Subtype Development of Retinal Amacrine and Bipolar Cells in Mice’Dev. Dyn. (2014), 243, 279-289
UniProt: P58304
Caution: This product is intended FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY, and FOR TESTS IN VITRO, not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures involving humans or animals.
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