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Encompassing Amino Acids: 24-92
Amino Acid Sequence: APMGSDPPTACCFSYTARKLPRNFVVDYYETSSLCSQPAVVFQTKRSKQVCADPSESWVQEYVYDLELN
Background: Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 is a factor produced by macrophages that causes local inflammatory responses, and induces superoxide production by neutrophils . Two peptides are responsible for this activity, termed MIP-1-alpha, and MIP-1-beta. The two MIP proteins are the major factors produced by macrophages following their stimulation with bacterial endotoxins. Both proteins are involved in the cell activation of human granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and appear to be involved in acute neutrophilic inflammation. Both forms of MIP-1 stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils and the release of lysosomal enzymes. They also induce the synthesis of other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF in fibroblasts and macrophages. MIP-1-alpha is a potent agonist of basophils, inducing a rapid change of cytosolic free calcium, the release of histamine and sulfido-leukotrienes, and chemotaxis. Murine MIP-1- alpha is the primary stimulator of TNF secretion by macrophages, whereas MIP- 1-beta antagonizes the inductive effects of MIP-1-alpha. In human monocytes, the production of MIP-1-beta can be induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides and IL-7. The biological activities of MIP-1-alpha and MIP-1-beta are mediated by CCR5, a receptor that binds both factors. A second species of receptors for these two factors also appears to bind MCAF.
Biological Activity: Determined by its ability to chemoattract human blood monocytes using a concentration range of 2.0-10.0 ng/ml.
Description: Recombinant MIP-1 beta is a disulfide-linked homodimeric protein consisting of 70 amino acid residues, and migrates as an approximately 8 kDa protein under non-reducing and reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE. Optimized DNA sequence encoding Human MIP-1 beta chain was expressed in E. coli.
Endotoxin Level: <0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg), using the LAL gel clot method.
Format: lyophilized protein
Formulation: Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered PBS solution.
Genbank: P13236
Purity: ≥95% by SDS-PAGE and HPLC
Reconstitution: Reconstitute at 0.1-1.0 mg/ml in distilled water. This solution can then be diluted into other buffers. To maximize product collection from vial surface, vortex briefly and then spin down to recollect the liquid.
Storage Stability: The lyophilized protein is stable for at least 2 years from date of receipt when stored at -20°C. Upon reconstitution, store in working aliquots at +4°C for up to one month, or at -20°C for up to six months, in the presence of a carrier protein. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Uniprot: P13236
Warnings: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Biosafety Level: Not applicable (BSL-1)
References: 1. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., Apr 2009, 50: 4138.
2. Protein Eng. Des. Sel., Feb 2008, 21: 65 - 72.
3. J. Leukoc. Biol., Feb 2006, 79: 378 - 387.
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