Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that induce pro-inflammatory responses to invading pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. TLR4, the most extensively studied TLR, is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) – a common component of Gram-negative bacteria. In addition to LPS, a number of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), have also been shown to be capable of activating TLR4. Upon activation of TLR4, downstream signaling pathways are activated leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
iLite TLR4 Assay Ready Cells can be used to determine the activity of both TLR4 agonist and antagonist drugs, as well as any neutralizing antibodies against such drugs – all using the same assay. It is based on a human erythroleukemic cell line that has been genetically engineered and optimized for the quantification of LPS and for the detection of TLR4 inhibiting activity by specific and proportional expression of Firefly Luciferase. A second Renilla Luciferase reporter gene can be used for normalization of cell counts and to compensate for serum matrix effects.
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