Formulation: A solid
Purity: ≥95% (mixture of compounds)
Shelf life (days): 1460
Notes: Lysophosphatidylinositols (LPIs) are bioactive lysophospholipids formed via phospholipase A1 (PLA1) or PLA2 catabolism of phosphatidylinositol (Item No. 24523).{43460} They are produced in a variety of cells including human platelets, endothelial cells, and neutrophils and are found in the central and peripheral nervous system.{43461} LPIs containing stearic acid (Item No. 10011298) are the primary form found in rat brain followed by LPIs containing arachidonic acid (Item Nos. 90010 / 10006607), and both are agonists of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR55, with 2-arachidonoyl LPI having higher activity than 2-stearoyl LPI.{43460} LPIs also induce exocytotic release of insulin by pancreatic islet cells and intracellular calcium mobilization in a variety of cells, as well as increase ERK1/2, Akt, and p38 phosphorylation via GPR55 activation.{43462,43461} LPIs accumulate in transformed cell lines due to increased PLA2 activity and blood levels are higher in patients with ovarian or peritoneal cancers compared with healthy controls.{43460,43461} This product contains lysophosphatidylinositol molecular species with variable fatty acyl chain lengths at the sn-1 position and a hydroxy group in the sn-2 position.
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