Formulation: A solid
Formal Name: hexadecanoic-13,13,14,14,15,15,16,16,16-d9 acid
Purity: ≥99% deuterated forms (d1-d9)
Formula Markup: C16H23D9O2
Formula Weight: 265,5
Shelf life (days): 730
CAS Number: 1173022-49-5
Notes: Palmitic acid-d9 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of palmitic acid (Item No. 10006627) by GC- or LC-MS. Palmitic acid is a common 16-carbon saturated fat that represents 10-20% of human dietary fat intake and comprises approximately 25 and 65% of human total plasma lipids and saturated fatty acids, respectively.{45765,1935} Acylation of palmitic acid to proteins facilitates anchoring of membrane-bound proteins to the lipid bilayer and trafficking of intracellular proteins, promotes protein-vesicle interactions, and regulates various G protein-coupled receptor functions.{45765} Palmitic acid (200 µM) increases NF-ĸB p65 levels, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells, as well as increases migration of AsPC-1 cells.{45766} It increases COX-2 levels in RAW 264.7 cells and increases LPS-induced IL-1β levels and caspase-1 activity in isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages.{10646,45767} Dietary administration of palmitic acid (2.2% w/w for 12 weeks) increases mouse hippocampal β-secretase 1 (BACE1) activity and amyloid-β (1-42) (Aβ42; Item No. 20574) levels.{45768} It also induces systolic contractile dysfunction in isolated mouse hearts.{45769} Red blood cell palmitic acid levels are increased in patients with metabolic syndrome compared to patients without metabolic syndrome and are also increased in the plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes compared to individuals without diabetes.{45771,45772}
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