Background: Sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). SK1, and its product S1P, regulate numerous and diverse biological functions, including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. S1P also plays a central role in cardiac development and ischemic preconditioning. FHL2 (SLIM3) has been identified as a SK1-interacting protein in mammalian cardiomyocytes. FHL2, but not FHL1 or FHL3, interacts with SK1, and FHL2 colocalizes with SK1 in the cytoplasm of these cells. The interaction of FHL2 with SK-1 involves the C-terminal portion of SK1. Overexpression of FHL2 has been found to attneuate the activity and antiapoptotic effects of SK1. Endothelin-1, a potent survival factor in cardiomyocytes, inhibits FHL2-SK1 association and increases SK1 activity. FHL2 is therefore a novel inhibitor of SK1 activity in cardiomyocytes and targeting FHL2 may prevent myocardial apoptosis through activation of SK1.A transcriptional coactivator, FHL2 is also known to form complexes consisting of Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1 (PELP1), FHL2, and androgen receptors (AR) in prostate cancer cells, perhaps functioning as a molecular adaptor with PELP1 in the progression of prostate cancer.
Positive Control: Antibody tested on HeLa cell lysates.
Immunogen: Synthetic peptide derived from the human FHL2 protein
Purification Method: Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation
Concentration: See vial for concentration
Formulation: Provided as solution in phosphate buffered saline with 0.08% sodium azide
References: 1: Nair SS, Guo Z, Mueller JM, Koochekpour S, Qiu Y, Tekmal RR, Schule R, Kung HJ, Kumar R, Vadlamudi RK. PELP1/MNAR enhances androgen receptor functions through LIM-only coactivator FHL2.Mol Endocrinol. 2006 Dec 272:Kudo LC, Karsten SL, Chen J, Levitt P, Geschwind DH.Genetic Analysis of Anterior-Posterior Expression Gradients in the Developing Mammalian Forebrain.Cereb Cortex. 2006 Dec 5;3: Kahl P, Gullotti L, Heukamp LC, Wolf S, Friedrichs N, Vorreuther R, Solleder G, Bastian PJ, Ellinger J, Metzger E, Schule R, Buettner R.Androgen receptor coactivators lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 and four and a half LIM domain protein 2 predict risk of prostate cancer recurrence.Cancer Res. 2006 Dec 1;66(23):11341-7. 4: Campo-Fernandez B, Morandell D, Santer FR, Zwerschke W, Jansen-Durr P. Identification of the FHL2 Transcriptional Coactivator as a New Functional Target of the E7 Oncoprotein of Human Papillomavirus Type 16.J Virol. 2007 Jan;81(2):1027-32. Epub 2006 Nov 8. 5: Govoni KE, Baylink DJ, Chen J, Mohan S. Disruption of four-and-a-half LIM 2 decreases bone mineral content and bone mineral density in femur and tibia bones of female mice.Calcif Tissue Int. 2006 Aug;79(2):112-7. Epub 2006 Aug 15. 6: Sun J, Yan G, Ren A, You B, Liao JK. FHL2/SLIM3 decreases cardiomyocyte survival by inhibitory interaction with sphingosine kinase-1. Circ Res. 2006 Sep 1;99(5):468-76. Epub 2006 Aug 3.
UniProt: CAG33718
Caution: This product is intended FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY, and FOR TESTS IN VITRO, not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures involving humans or animals.
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