Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern-recognition molecules that recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. The signaling of these TLRs is kept under tight control by the expression of endogenous inhibiting proteins such as RP105, a recently identified homolog of TLR4. This protein, in association with MD-1, interacts with and inhibits the TLR4/MD-2 signaling pathway. While MD-2 can directly bind to LPS, one of the activating molecules of TLR4, the function of MD-1 is less well-known. It has been suggested however, that the RP105/MD-1 complex influences antibody production mediated by both TLR4/MD-2 and TLR2 receptor complexes.
Positive Control: May cooperate with CD180 and TLR4 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokine production. Important for efficient CD180 cell surface expression. Highly expressed in B-cells, monocytes and tonsil.5.
Immunogen: Rabbit polyclonal MD-1 antibody was raised against a 15 amino acid peptide from near the center of human MD-1.
Purification Method: Antigen Immunoaffiinity Purification.
Formulation: Provided as solution in phosphate buffered saline with 0.02% sodium azide.
References: 1) Takeda K, Kaisho T, and Akira S. Toll-like receptors. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2003; 21:335-76.
2) Divanovic S, Trompette A, Atabani SF, et al. Inhibition of TLR-4/MD-2 signaling by RP105/MD-1. J. Endotoxin Res. 2005; 11:363-8.
3) Tsuneyoshi N, Fukudome K, Kohara J, et al. The functional and structural properties of MD-2 required for liposaccharide binding are absent in MD-1. J. Immunol. 2005; 174:340-4.
4) Nagai Y, Kobayashi T, Motoi Y, et al. The radioprotective 105/MD-1 complex links TLR2 and TLR4/MD-2 in antibody response to microbial membranes. J. Immunol. 2005; 174:7043-9.
5) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry O95711, http://www.expasy.org/uniprot/O95711, accessed January 29, 2007.
UniProt: O95711.
Caution: This product is intended FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY, and FOR TESTS IN VITRO, not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures involving humans or animals.
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