Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses (1-3). These proteins act through adaptor molecules such as TIRAP and MyD88 to activate various kinases and transcription factors (4,5). In TIRAP-deficient mice, TLR signaling in response to TLR2 ligands (using either TLR1 and TLR6 as co-receptors) is totally abolished, suggesting that MyD88 and TIRAP work together and are both required for TLR2 signaling (6). Furthermore, these mice are also resistant to the toxic effects of LPS and show defects in NF-?B and MAP kinase activation, suggesting that TIRAP is also involed in TLR4 signaling (6,7) **Cat.No. 3157.
Positive Control: Found in the cytoplasm and highly expressed in liver, kidney, spleen, skeletal muscle and heart. Also detected in peripheral blood leukocytes, lung, placenta, small intestine, thymus, colon and brain.
Immunogen: Rabbit polyclonal TIRAP antibody was raised against a peptide corresponding to 15 amino acids near the C-terminus of mouse TIRAP.
Purification Method: Antigen Immunoaffiinity Purification.
Formulation: Provided as solution in phosphate buffered saline with 0.02% sodium azide.
References: 1) Vogel SN, Fitzgerald KA, and Fenton MJ. TLRs: differential adapter utilization by toll-like receptors mediates TLR-specific patterns of gene expression.Mol. Interv. 2003; 3:466-77.
2) Takeda K, Kaisho T, and Akira S. Toll-like receptors.Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2003; 21:335-76.
3) Janeway CA Jr and Medzhitov R. Innate immune recognition. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2002; 20:197-216.
4) O’Neill LAJ, Fitzgerald FA, and Bowie AG. The Toll-IL-1 receptor adaptor family grows to five members. Trends in Imm. 2003; 24:286-9.
5) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry Q99JY1 http://expasy.org/uniprot/Q99JY1, Accessed January 29, 2007.
UniProt: Q99JY1.
Caution: This product is intended FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY, and FOR TESTS IN VITRO, not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures involving humans or animals.
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