Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses (1-3). These proteins act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors such as Protein Kinase C (PKC) α/β and NF-κB (4-6). Studies with TLR4-deficient mice indicate that the main ligand for TLR is lipopolysaccharide. Consequently, these mice also showed increased susceptibility to Gram-negative sepsis (7).
Positive Control: Located in the membrane and highly expressed in placenta, spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes. Detected in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and several types of T-cells8.
Immunogen: Rabbit polyclonal TLR4 antibody was raised against a peptide corresponding to 15 amino acids near the amino-terminus of human TLR4.
Purification Method: Antigen Immunoaffiinity Purification.
Formulation: Provided as solution in phosphate buffered saline with 0.02% sodium azide.
References: 1) Vogel SN, Fitzgerald KA, and Fenton MJ. TLRs: differential adapter utilization by toll-like receptors mediates TLR-specific patterns of gene expression. Mol. Interv. 2003; 3:466-77.
2) Takeda K, Kaisho T, and Akira S. Toll-like receptors. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2003; 21:335-76.
3). Janeway CA Jr. and Medzhitov R. Innate immune recognition. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2002; 20:197-216.
4) O’Neill LAJ, Fitzgerald FA, and Bowie AG. The Toll-IL-1 receptor adaptor family grows to five members. Trends in Imm. 2003; 24:286-9.
5.) McGettrick AF and O’Neill LAJ. The expanding family of MyD88-like adaptors in Toll-like receptor signal transduction. Mol Imm. 2004; 41:577-82.
6) Asehnoune K, Strassheim D, Mitra S, et al. Involvement of PKCalpha/beta in TLR4 and TLR2 dependent activation of NF-kappaB. Cell Signal. 2005; 17:385-94.
7) Poltorak A, He X, Smirnova I, et al. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science 1998; 282:2085-8. (RD1005)
8) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry O00206, http://www.expasy.org/uniprot/O00206, Accessed February 5, 2007.
UniProt: O00206.
Caution: This product is intended FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY, and FOR TESTS IN VITRO, not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures involving humans or animals.
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