Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern-recognition molecules resembling the toll proteins that mediate antimicrobial responses in Drosophila. These proteins recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses (1,2). TLR9 forms a subfamily along with TLR7 and TLR8 that recognize viral RNA and CpG DNA sequences (3) and are localized in intracellular acidic compartments such as the phagolysosome (4). Unlike other TLRs which act through adaptor molecules such as TOLLIP, TIRAP, TRIF, and MyD88 to activate various kinases and transcription factors to respond to potential infection (5), TLR9 is strictly dependent on MyD88 (3).
Positive Control: Positive Control Jurkat Cell Lysate; Located in the membrane, and highly expressed in spleen, lymph node, tonsil and peripheral blood leukocytes, especially in plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells. Levels are much lower in monocytes and CD11c+ immature dendritic cells. Also detected in lung and liver.6.
Immunogen: Rabbit polyclonal TLR9 antibody was raised against a peptide corresponding to 15 amino acids near the center of human TLR9.
Purification Method: Antigen Immunoaffiinity Purification.
Formulation: Provided as solution in phosphate buffered saline with 0.02% sodium azide.
References: 1.) Takeda K, Kaisho T, and Akira S. Toll-like receptors. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2003; 21:335-76.
2) Janeway CA Jr. and Medzhitov R. Innate immune recognition. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2002; 20:197-216.
3) Wagner H. The immunobiology of the TLR9 subfamily. Trends Immunol. 2004; 381-6. 4.) Nishiya T and DeFranco AL. Ligand-regulated chimeric receptor approach reveals distinctive subcellular localization and signaling properties of the Toll-like receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 2004; 279:19008-17.
5) McGettrick AF and O’Neill LAJ. The expanding family of MyD88-like adaptors in Toll-like receptor signal transduction. Mol Imm. 2004; 41:577-82
6) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry Q9NR96, http://www.expasy.org/uniprot/Q9NR96, Accessed February 16, 2007.
UniProt: AAH32713.
Caution: This product is intended FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY, and FOR TESTS IN VITRO, not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures involving humans or animals.
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