Notes: D-Glucosamine is an amino monosaccharide and a precursor in the biosynthesis of UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc; Item No. 20353) via the hexosamine pathway.{47389,47390} It increases mineralization of MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cells when used at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mM.{47391} D-Glucosamine (20 mg/kg per day) inhibits bone erosion and loss of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in joints in a mouse model of collagenase-induced osteoarthritis.{47390}