Formulation: 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 150 mM sodium chloride, and 5% glycerol
Purity: ≥95% estimated by SDS-PAGE
Shelf life (days): 365
Notes: α-Enolase, also known as enolase-1, is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate.{42086} It is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, including liver, spleen, kidney, and brain. In cells, α-enolase is primarily localized to the cytoplasm, however, an alternatively translated form localizes to the nucleus and lacks glycolytic enzyme activity.{42086,42087} α-Enolase also functions as a cell surface receptor for plasminogen on pathogens and activated immune cells, as an oxidative stress protein in endothelial cells, and as a chromatin binding partner to facilitate transcription.{42087,42088,42089} The ENO1 promoter contains a hypoxia-response element, allowing α-enolase to facilitate aerobic glycolysis and contribute to the Warburg effect in tumor cells.{42087} α-Enolase is overexpressed in multiple tumors, including glioma, neuroblastoma, pancreatic, prostate, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Its role as a plasminogen receptor facilitates extracellular matrix degradation and cancer invasion.{42089} α-Enolase is an autoantigen in asthma, Hashimoto's encephalopathy, and rheumatoid arthritis, and has been found in the serum of pediatric patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.{42090,42091,42092,36062}
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