Formulation: 20 mM HEPES, pH 8.0, with 150 mM sodium chloride, and 1 mM magnesium chloride
Purity: ≥90% estimated by SDS-PAGE
Formula Weight: 0
Shelf life (days): 365
Notes: K-Ras is a small GTPase and member of the RAS family of GTPases with roles in apoptosis, as well as cell proliferation, survival, and migration.{66623,31183} K-Ras is composed of a guanine nucleotide-binding domain containing an active site, an effector-binding domain, and an isoform-specific C-terminal hypervariable region, which varies by four amino acids between isoforms A and B.{66623,54879} The active site cycles between GDP-bound inactive and GTP-bound active states and is regulated by its associations with GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) or guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs).{54879,2798} K-Ras is ubiquitously expressed and is tethered to the intracellular side of cell membranes via farnesyl and palmitoyl lipidation.{66623,31741} The glycine-to-cysteine substitution at position 12 of mutant K-Ras (K-RasG12C) is constitutively activating and found in pancreatic, colon, and lung cancers.{52771,31183} K-RasG12C substitutions of serine, leucine, and serine for the native cysteine residues in positions 51, 80, and 118 (C51S, C80L, C118S), respectively, of the guanine nucleotide-binding domain have minimal effects on protein structure, therefore, this tetramutated protein has been used to improve labeling of Cys12 for protein crystallography and to reduce off-target inhibitor ligation and prevent cysteine-based reactions in kinetic assays.{30952,69769,69770} Cayman’s K-Ras Isoform B (G12C, C51S, C80L, C118S mutant; human, recombinant) protein can be used for ELISA, enzyme activity assay, protein crystallography, and Western blot applications.
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