Formulation: A solid
Formal Name: L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-histidyl-L-lysylglycyl-L-prolyl-L-methionyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine, acetate
Purity: ≥95%
Formula Markup: C64H103N21O14S • XC2H4O2
Formula Weight: 1422,7
Shelf life (days): 1460
Notes: Apelin-12 is a 12-amino acid peptide fragment corresponding to residues 66-77 of apelin and an endogenous agonist of the apelin receptor (APJ), with roles in viral immunity, digestion, cell cycle regulation, and vasodilation.{69069} It induces calcium mobilization in APJ-Gαq16 cells expressing human APJ (EC50 = 0.18 nM). Apelin-12 inhibits HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in NP-2/CD4/APJ cells (mean IC50 = 63 µg/ml).{18226} It inhibits or stimulates the expression of genes associated with apoptosis, mitosis, and DNA repair in IEC-6 and Caco-2 cells, respectively, when used at a concentration of 0.01 µM.{69070} Apelin-12 (100-1,000 nM) induces the production of nitric oxide (NO) via PI3K and Akt signaling pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).{69071} In vivo, apelin-12 (20-100 µg/kg) increases gastric acid secretion, as well as stomach histamine synthesis and secretion, in rats.{69072} It also reduces mean arterial pressure (MAP) in rats when administered at a dose of 15 µg/kg.{69073}
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