Formulation: A solid
Formal Name: 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole
Purity: ≥98%
Formula Markup: C12H10N2
Formula Weight: 182,2
Shelf life (days): 1460
CAS Number: 486-84-0
Notes: Harmane is a β-carboline that has been found in P. harmala, as well as in cooked meats and tobacco and has diverse biological activities.{53358,53359,53360,53361,53362,53363,53364} It is an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A; IC50 = 0.5 µM) that also inhibits MAO-B (IC50 = 5 µM).{53360} Harmane is an inverse agonist of GABAA receptors with IC50 values of 7.2 and 8.3 µM in radioligand binding assays using rat brain and bovine retina, respectively.{53361} It is a DNA intercalating agent that induces cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in NCI-H460 cells and the G2 phase in T47D and HCT116 cells and induces apoptosis in HCT116 cells when used at a concentration of 50 µM.{53358,53362} However, it also has mutagenic and carcinogenic effects and induces the transcription of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP1A1 in HepG2 cells when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 µM.{53365} Harmane (2.5 mg/kg) prevents memory retrieval deficits induced by 24, but not 12 or 36, hours of REM sleep deprivation in mice in contextual and fear conditioning paradigms but inhibits memory consolidation when administered following training at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg in one-trial passive-avoidance task.{53363,53364} Harmane is selectively neurotoxic to dopaminergic neurons in C. elegans and plasma levels of harmane are increased in patients with essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease.{53359}
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