Formulation: A crystalline solid
Formal Name: 4-hydroxy-α-[(methylamino)methyl]-benzenemethanol, monohydrochloride
Purity: ≥95%
Formula Markup: C9H13NO2 • HCl
Formula Weight: 203,7
Shelf life (days): 1460
CAS Number: 5985-28-4
Notes: (±)-Synephrine is an alkaloid with vasoconstrictor and metabolic activities.{53000,53001,53002} It binds to α1A-, α2A-, and α2C-adrenergic receptors (ARs; Kis = 78, 36.7, and 24.4 µM, respectively).{53003} (±)-Synephrine is an agonist of α1A-ARs in HEK293 cells (EC50 = 4 µM in a reporter assay) but not in CHO cells expressing α2A- or α2C-AR. It also acts as an antagonist of α1A-, α2A-, and α2C-ARs, inhibiting L-phenylephrine-induced activation of α1A-AR in HEK293 cells and activation of α2A- and α2C-ARs induced by the α2-AR agonist medetomidine in CHO cells (IC50s = 12.8, 26, and 27.3 µM, respectively, in reporter assays). (±)-Synephrine induces contractions in isolated rabbit aortic rings (EC50 = 6.2 µg/ml) and increases ligation-induced mean arterial pressure in rats when administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day.{53000,53004} It induces lipolysis in isolated rat and human adipocytes when used at concentrations of 100 and 1,000 µg/ml.{53001} (±)-Synephrine (50 µM) increases phosphorylation of Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and translocation of Glut4 to the plasma membrane, as well as increases insulin-induced glucose consumption in L6 muscle cells when used at concentrations ranging from 25 to 200 µM.{53002}
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