Formulation: A lyophilized powder
Purity: ≥95%
Formula Markup: C147H238N44O42S • XCF3COOH
Formula Weight: 3325,8
Shelf life (days): 1460
Notes: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid peptide that has roles as a hormone and neurotransmitter and has diverse biological activities, including roles in vasodilation, inflammation, and metabolism, as well as regulation of the circadian rhythm.{57247} It is an agonist of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1 (VPAC1) and VPAC2, inducing adenylate cyclase activity with EC50 values of 3 and 8 nM, respectively, in CHO cell membranes expressing the recombinant human receptors, and is selective for these receptors over proteasome assembly chaperone 1 (PAC1; Ki = 500-1,000 nM in radioligand binding assays).{57248,41738} VIP (10-300 nM) induces relaxation of isolated human fundus or antrum circular smooth muscle strips precontracted with carbachol (carbamoylcholine; Item No. 14486).{57249} It reduces increases in gastric acid secretion and mucosal blood flow induced by the CCK2 receptor agonist pentagastrin (Item No. 28546) in conscious dogs when administered intravenously at a dose of 8 µg/kg.{57250} VIP (5-10 nmol/animal, i.p.) decreases serum and peritoneal lavage levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and reduces mortality in a mouse model of LPS-induced endotoxemia.{57251} It inhibits replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells and isolated human peripheral blood monocytes.{57252} It also inhibits production of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in SARS-CoV-2-infected Calcu-3 cells.
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