Formulation: A crystalline solid
Formal Name: N-[(3α,5β,7α,12α)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]-glycine
Purity: ≥95%
Formula Markup: C26H43NO6
Formula Weight: 465,6
Shelf life (days): 1460
CAS Number: 475-31-0
Notes: Glycocholic acid is a glycine-conjugated form of the primary bile acid cholic acid (Item No. 20250) and has roles in the emulsification of fats.{48223,54310} It reduces expression of the gene encoding the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and increases expression of the genes encoding the bile acid receptors TGR5 and S1PR2 in SNU-245 cells when used at a concentration of 1.6 μmol/ml.{54311} Glycocholic acid (250 μM) increases the intracellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of epirubicin (Item No. 12091) in Caco-2 cells, as well as decreases expression of the genes encoding multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), MDR-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and MRP2 when used alone or in combination with epirubicin.{54312} It increases absorption of epirubicin into everted sacs of rat ileum and jejunum when used at a concentration of 250 μM. The bile acid composition ratio of glycocholic acid is elevated in bile of patients with cholangiocarcinoma compared with patients with pancreatic cancer or benign biliary diseases.{54311} Serum levels of glycocholic acid are elevated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma compared with healthy individuals.{54310}
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